How do I create a simple blog/news page using the standard C5 tools (no extensions)?
Have a look at the sample content installed with Elemental. You don’t need to use the Elemental them for a blog site, but it does show how to structure a blog and index with filtering.
There are also prior threads on these forums.
The Atomik sample content also includes a blog, but that is tangled up with boards, so working out how to build a blog from scratch is not as clear with Atomik.