Adding the cID column in the Logs table is transient and can be ignored.
How errors get shown is now managed by permissions.
If you go to task permissions in the dashboard you will find “View Debug Error Information” near the bottom of the list. Try setting it to “Administrators”. It doesn’t really matter what you set it at, or even if it ends up as None, as long as it gets saved and that should create the missing key.
SSH and CLI avoids a lot of CMS code, so will dodge most errors.
I suspect your site is in a small cascade. A minor error is occurring, but it can’t report it because the permission key for reporting doesn’t exist. And you can’t create the permission key because of the error that prevents you from getting to the page that would do so.